HMPV Cases Confirmed in India: Health Experts Reassure Public About Virus

Recent reports from cities such as Bengaluru and Ahmedabad have confirmed the presence of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India, sparking public concern. However, health experts stress that HMPV is not a new virus. It has been studied for over two decades and is a known cause of respiratory infections worldwide.

India has recorded seven cases of HMPV infections in children, with cases reported in Bengaluru, Nagpur, Chennai, and Ahmedabad.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), discovered in 2001, is a respiratory virus that mainly affects the lungs and airways. It is most common in young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms of HMPV include fever, cough, nasal congestion, and in severe cases, breathing difficulties or pneumonia. However, in healthy individuals, the infection is usually mild and resolves on its own. Similar to other respiratory viruses like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza, HMPV is more common during winter and early spring.

How Does HMPV Compare to COVID-19?

Both HMPV and COVID-19 cause respiratory illnesses that can affect people of all ages, though they are particularly risky for children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. The symptoms of both infections are quite similar, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath.

According to Science Direct, COVID-19 appears to follow a seasonal pattern, with temperature influencing its spread. Similarly, the US CDC notes that HMPV has specific times of the year when infection rates peak, typically from late winter to early spring in the United States.

Both viruses are primarily transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets that can infect those nearby. The viruses can also spread through close contact or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face, mouth, nose, or eyes.

Is There a Vaccine for HMPV?

At present, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, such as staying hydrated, using over-the-counter medications for fever and congestion, and seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen. Preventive measures include regular handwashing, avoiding crowded areas, and practicing good respiratory hygiene.

Current Situation in India

The detection of HMPV in India comes as respiratory infections are increasing globally, particularly in China. However, Indian health officials have reassured the public that HMPV is a well-known virus and does not present an unusual or heightened risk.

While HMPV’s symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory viruses, if not managed promptly, an outbreak could put a strain on healthcare systems.